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An aquifer is a layer of water flowing through the pores or cracks in an underground geological formation consists of gravel, porous sand or stone, capable of storing and rendering the water.

geological and hydrological conditions determine the type and function. The higher is the porosity of rocks produces more water the aquifer. There are two types of aquifers: the confined and unconfined.
In the confined aquifer, water is trapped between impermeable layers of rock or between cracks in the rock formation. In an unconfined aquifer, however, water is stored under pressure for not being encapsulated in the rock.
underground Because it is not always known the existence of an aquifer. The largest known are:
Nubian Sandstone Aquifer (Africa), with 75 billion cubic meters
Northern Sahara Aquifer, with 60 billion cubic meters
Guarani Aquifer, with 37 billion cubic meters
Great Artesian Account of Australia, with 20 billion, and High Plains Aquifer
United States with 15 billion
among others. Source
Clarin April 12, 2010

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underground fresh water reserves

AQUIFER "ALTER DO CHAO"

discovered in northern Brazil a huge reservoir of fresh water
Experts estimate it could reach be the world's largest .
By: brasilia. efe
Scientists from Brazil announced the discovery in Germany of a huge reservoir fresh groundwater that could be, according to projections, the largest in the world. This is an aquifer located in northern Brazil, under three Amazon states.

"We have specific studies and data collected over 30 years, which lead us to think that we could be facing the largest underground fresh water reserves of the planet," said the newspaper "O Estado de Sao Paulo" Milton Matta geologist, the Federal University of Pará, in charge of the investigation. The scientist said that the aquifer Alter do Chao, named in reference to a nearby resort, has an area of \u200b\u200babout 437,500 square kilometers (Slightly larger than the whole of Paraguay) and an average thickness of 545 meters.

"is smaller in area than the Guarani aquifer, but greater in thickness," said Matta. The Guarani Aquifer is a groundwater source with an area of \u200b\u200b1.2 million kilometers, shared by Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay. So far, not been discovered yet another big aquifer on the continent.

respect, and the possibility that this is the case of Alter do Chao, Matta admitted that the new reserve measurements are not very accurate yet, but he is sure that the reservoir would provide water for hundreds and hundreds years to the population entire planet. Matta remarks that the porosity of the rock in which water is deposited is an indication of the potential of the reserve: "The rock is very porous, indicating a large capacity water reserve. In addition, the permeability-connection between the pores of the rock is also great. "

The scientist said that a characteristic of this new book is that the aquifer is between 300 to 350 meters deep, so it "would be much easier to get to the water," unlike the one that stands in the Guarani aquifer, which is 1,000 meters.

Brazil is the country with the largest freshwater reserve the world. According to estimates by international bodies, aquifers and river basins in the neighboring country is around 12 percent of the world's fresh water. Studies by scientists of international organizations argue that all the water in the world, only 2.5 percent is freshwater.

In the case of Brazil, half of its reserves is in the Amazonian rivers, which flow through regions with the lowest population per square kilometer of the country but still can not escape from environmental threats. The pollution of rivers in the Amazon of serious concern to environmental groups and is attributed for the most part to the activity illegal miners throwing into rivers mercury used in gold mining. Studies

Treaty Organization (ACTO), comprising Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Surinam, Peru and Venezuela, said that illegal mining uses between one and three kilos of mercury per kilo of mined gold. And in the last 50 years have been dumping 1,300 tons of mercury on the Amazon River and its tributaries

Source Clarin April 10, 2010

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National Water Day

March 31 National Water Day 1970

Water is essential for humans. Without it you are unable to maintain its existence. Moreover, it is essential to food production, for energy, for use in multiple investigations, etc.
is linked to their common life in the toilet, feeding and washing.
So the Ministerial Resolution No. 1630 of 1970 established the "National Water Day" to encourage all Argentines consciousness in the use of public resources, water in our nation

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SURVEY A PRIVATE UNIVERSITY IN CAPITAL AND GBA
By everyday misuse, spent ten times more water than recommended

Most wasted when washing the car or the sidewalk, or in the bathroom.
The seas are composed of trillions of trillions of water droplets. And drop by drop become narrow rivers and aquifers dry.
The worn leather bag drop, the thread of the bath tank, the spray of the hose, and other forms of wasteful habits are openly acknowledged by the inhabitants of the metropolitan area, according to a recent survey conducted by a private university.
Thus, spends 10 times more water than the World Health Organization (WHO) reasonable. The company AySA estimated at 500 liters per capita consumption for domestic purposes, the same volume as for industrial use.
The WHO, however, set to 50 the number of liters of a reasonable daily intake. Sometimes domestic consumption reached 613 liters per day. "In Europe between 170 to 200 liters. Ours are values \u200b\u200bthat sometimes triple those of other cultures more organized on environmental issues, compare López Mónica Sardi, graduated in chemistry specializing in environmental preservation. Sardi and Maricel Lopez
Cataneo are the teachers of the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Palermo that faced with a survey of 1,126 students residents in the City and Greater Buenos Aires, to know the attitude of people regarding consumption and water conservation. Other teachers and students of the Statistics Department collaborated in the investigation. Most
bathe in the shower, but 49% leave the water running throughout the bathroom, instead of opening and closing the tap as needed. The same make when brushing their teeth, and so will 30 liters of water with each cepillada.Otro So are the dishes: the 59% off the tap until it ends with the last dish, thereby wasting other 100 liters each wash. A similar number of residents (50.75%) did not graduate for water use clean fruit and verdura.Nueve of ten people have washing machines.
54.34% selected the short program as dirt from clothes, the fabric or garment. But 41.68% regularly used the program longer, which means about 100 liters per cycle, compared to 60 for short programs.
sidewalk with a bucket of something similar happens: between those who do, nearly 43% remains open hose, where 1,140 liters per hour flow. With the car are a little more careful: among those with vehicle (6 of 10 respondents), the 31.26% wash it at home and not close the tap until the end. Results: 360 liters malgastados.La half of the respondents had plants or garden, of which every other watering in the day, when from AySA be asked to do so after 22, there is less demand for water. "This shows our strong willingness to break the rules," Lopez says Sardi. In addition, one in five people said they lost faucets, which adds 46 liters night.
Of those surveyed, 45% had a water meter, but there were no significant differences in responses. Nor are there as neighbors, not by age group.
Not even for education level, and that 45% of respondents had completed high school, and 43% had tertiary or complete college. "Prima custom in all groups, the teacher concludes.
Half the people say who cares water, and the other half say they do not care. And that makes a significant difference in consumption. "Given the lack of accountability on the part of the inhabitants of the metropolitan region," would require an awareness of up and down, sending a message, make-calls-education campaigns.
We are one of the world's richest regions in terms of surface and groundwater, but do not react in time, we are going to end the action. "

http://www.clarin.com/diario Source / 2010/03/26/sociedad/s-02167336.htm