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Interview with Manuel Soto, a chemical engineer - Interview to Manuel Soto, Chemical Engineer - Interview with Manuel Soto chemical enxeñeiro

Versión en Español:

On November 25 we interviewed the doctor and professor at the faculty of Don Manuel Soto Castiñeira , Chemical Engineer, to learn more about the topic, but from a chemical point of view (especially the debugging process.)

Current status

domestic oil being poured down the drain, mix in type drains with animal fats (from various sources), hydrocarbons, such hydrophobic contaminants and other substances insoluble in water. This mixture reaches the treatment plant, where it is separated together as a residue hardly usable. This phase separation is a small step in debugging, but not performed, would cause problems in biological treatment processes.

oil (and other substances in the mixture) is immiscible and water can create a short film or layer and a large (depending on the amount of discharge), emulsion and foam. All this causes aesthetic pollution, addition to chemical pollution (since oil is a substance very visible, not mixed with water) and creates difficulties in the operation of biological or physico-chemical treatments.

Some of the oils are biodegradable, but their biodegradability is very slow, so it is necessary to make the separation.

How is the process of separation?

Once the water reaches the treatment plant , goes through a series of stages: first, the pre-treatment, including operations such as withholding and withdrawal of large solids that can be found in the water, the sand removal or elimination of dense solid particles that fall to the bottom and degreasing. The latter operation includes removal of different materials after leaving to stand, remain suspended. Therefore, the fat that is removed will contain a certain amount of water, suspended particles (which are not fat, but are mixed) and hydrophobic contaminants. So what separates no much use, since all these substances become immiscible phase in a very deteriorated greasy residue that can receive various treatments, but it will be very poorly suited as a fuel. Your destination can be the dumping, incineration or composting, but the composting of these fats would be very problematic for being contaminated.

Does removed 100% of the oil?

No. Following the degreasing step, the residual water is a significant percentage (30% or 40%) related to fat fine particles passing the later stages. But anyway, the damage they cause is much less than if you spill 100%. So the vegetable oil that ends up in rivers, oceans and aquifers in general is not the most worrisome environmental issue, it does not arrive in large quantities.

What are the environmental effects?

A treated water with 90% efficiency, meeting the discharge parameters, requires a dilution with the receiving environment of 1:10 (volume 10 on receptor discharge) to reduce the concentration on parameters such as biological oxygen demand (BOD). The fat in this regard put less importance, since its effect is more physical, which is coated. Substrate coated areas in rivers, for example by forming films, causing various problems. But problems are not as important as those caused by the BOD, suspended particulates, contaminants (heavy metals and nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus), which are those that should be eliminated 100% of the water, but that is not done.

course this is in terms of natural oils, household, used in cooking, because if instead we were talking about oils and minerals that would be more problematic they are less biodegradable and very small amounts cause severe toxicity problems and other heavy metals.

What are the reasons for choosing a selective collection of oil?

The oil spill creates water pollution. But it also creates pollution even after recovering immiscible phase, since its destination is the landfill or burning, and this is not an environmentally satisfactory solution.

However, if we choose to do an oil collection, we will have a double benefit: a resource we take very energetic and solve the problem of waste. Oil can be used as biofuel (oil high calorific value).

Today, biofuel production is usually done on agricultural land, but this also involves several problems: a shift from food production (land not is used to garden), problems due to agriculture is highly mechanized and chemical (as for biofuel production only) and additional environmental problems.

using domestic oil collected separately from the source, also avoid these problems. Therefore, from the environmental point of view are clear advantages.

But we through market issues: a liter of diesel, after being purified, can be worth approximately 1.15 €. Thus deduce that would never be profitable to pick up a quart of oil at that price, because then purify and market should be at the same price, and this would not compensate.

So, it would be cheaper to opt for a separate collection of waste from its origin?

Economically, it would only be profitable with the cooperation of the public. Otherwise, the costs would be higher: for example, collect the oil at home and bring it to a recycling center, staff would have to do external work. It would therefore be very important to carry out awareness raising campaigns and environmental awareness of citizens.

Anyway, we should not think that the costs for separation in the filter are a reason of saving money, because everything is in debugging, fats represent only 2% (more or less): What is removed is small, and the effect on the total amount of fat in the waters will be reduced. What we achieve is to provide a little separation process and obtain a treated water with less fat. But what really matters is that making a collection we use an energy resource that we are currently neglecting.

addition, following in economic terms, opt for this change if it would be profitable if we add as grants for programs that offer alternative production of biofuels from energy crops would be a cost-saving important, much more than the issue of cost-saving treatment plant, because in the process of water purification always carry out a degreasing step (regardless of whether it is pouring oil sinks). Thus the issue of savings should focus more in this way.

From an economic standpoint and environmental, biodiesel from used oil collected selectively involves avoiding the emission of large quantities of CO 2 the atmosphere, it is a cleaner fuel than fossils. While it is true that one can not quantitatively compare the use of fossil fuel and a biofuel: any biofuel that could be generated with the vegetable oil waste generated as a home for a year, maybe only get to move 50 km, but this should be linked to other options, "green" such as reducing the consumption (use unless the car).

summary, the current system is not disposal, but apart: the fraction of oil that is recovered just be a landfill or incinerated, and another part remains in the water, going to the tributaries and just like in the environment. Opting for a separate collection at source avoid a spill and we take a very energetic appeal.

Thus, from the environmental standpoint, the change is not only profitable but also necessary.

English version:

On November 25 we interviewed the doctor and professor at the faculty Mr Manuel Soto Castiñeira , Chemical Engineer, in order to obtain more information about the topic, but from a chemical point of view (specially the debugging process.)

Current Situation

The domestic oil poured down the drain, mix in the pipes with animal fats (from various sources), hydrocarbons, such hydrophobic contaminants and other substances insoluble in water. This mixture reaches the treatment plant, where it is separated together as a hardly usable residue. This phase separation is a small step in debugging, but not performed, would cause problems in biological treatment processes.

The oil (and other substances in the mixture) is immiscible and water can create a slim film or larger one (depending on the amount of discharge), emulsion and foam. All this causes anesthetic pollution, in addition to chemical pollution (since oil is a substance very visible, not mixed with water) and creates difficulties in the operation of biological systems or physical-chemical posterior treatment.

Some of the oils are biodegradable, but their biodegradability is very slow, so it is necessary to perform the separation.

How is the process of separation?

Once the water reaches the filter , passes through a series of stages: first, the pre-treatment, including operations such as withholding and withdrawal of large solids that can be found in the water, the sand removal or disposal of dense solid particles that fall to the bottom and degreasing. The latter operation includes removal of different materials which after leaving to stand, remain suspended. Therefore, the fat that is removed will contain a certain amount of water, suspended particles (which are not fat, but are mixed) and hydrophobic contaminants. So what is separated does not have much use, since all these substances become immiscible phase in a very deteriorated greasy residue that can receive various treatments, but it will be very poorly suited as a fuel. It’s destination can be the dumping, incineration or composting, but the composting of these fats would be very problematic for being contaminated.

Is 100% of the oil removed?

No. Following the degreasing step, the wastewater has a significant percentage (30% or 40%) related to fat fine particles passing the later stages. But anyway, the damage they cause is much less than if you spill 100%. So the vegetable oil that ends up in rivers, oceans and aquifers in general is not the most worrisome environmental issue, it does not arrive in large quantities.

What are the environmental effects?

A treated water with 90% efficiency, meeting the discharge parameters, requires a dilution with the receiving environment of 1:10 (1 volume of discharge on 10 of receptor) to reduce the concentration parameters like biological oxygen demand (BOD). The fat in this regard put less importance, since its effect is more physical, which is to coat. Those coat substrate areas in rivers, for example by forming films, causing various problems. But problems are not as important as those caused by the BOD, suspended particulates, contaminants (heavy metals and nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus), which are those that should be eliminated 100% of the water, but are not.

Of course this is in terms of natural oils, household, used in cooking, because if instead we were talking about oils and minerals that would be more problematic, as they are less biodegradable and very small amounts cause severe problems of heavy metal toxicity and others.

What are the reasons for choosing a selective collection of oil?

The oil spill creates water pollution. But it also creates pollution even after recovering immiscible phase, since its destination is the landfill or burning, and this is not an environmentally satisfactory solution.

However, if we choose to do an oil collection, we will have a double benefit: we take a very energetic resource and solve the waste problem. Oil can be used as biofuel (oil of high calorific value).

Today, the production of biofuels is usually done on agricultural land, but this also involves several problems: a shift from food production (land not used for growing), problems due to that it is highly mechanized agriculture and chemical (as it is for biofuel production only) and additional environmental problems.

Using the collected domestic separated oil, also avoid these problems. Therefore, from the environmental point of view are clear advantages.

But we have in front market issues: a liter of diesel, after being purified, can be worth approximately 1.15 €. Thus deduce that would never be profitable to pick up a liter of oil at that price, because then purify and market should be at the same price, and this would not compensate.

So, would it be cheaper to choose a separate collection of waste from its origin?

Economically, it would only be profitable with the cooperation of the public. Otherwise, the costs would be higher: for example, collect the oil at home and bring it to a recycling center, external staff would have to do this. Therefore it would be very important to carry out awareness raising campaigns and environmental awareness of citizens.

Anyway, we should not think that the costs for separation in the filter plant are a reason of saving money, because everything is in debugging, fats represent only 2% (more or less): what removed is small, and the effect on the total amount of fat in the waters will be reduced. What we achieve is to provide a little separation process and obtain a treated water with less fat. But what really matters is that making a collection we use an energy resource that we are currently neglecting.

Furthermore, following in economic terms, to choose this change would be profitable if we add subsidies such as for programs that offer alternative biofuels from energy crops, it would be a significant saving method, much more than the issue of cost in saving the filter, because in the process of water purification always carry out a degreasing step (regardless of whether it is pouring oil sinks). Thus the issue of savings should focus more in this way.

From an economic and environmental standpoint, using biofuel from selective collected oil, means to avoid the emission of large quantities of CO ₂ into the atmosphere, so that is a cleaner fuel than fossil ones. While it is true that we should not compare quantitatively the use of fossil fuel and a biofuel: any biofuel that could be generated with the vegetable oil waste generated in a home for a year, maybe is only enough to move 50 km, but this should be linked to other "green" options, such as reducing the consumption (use cars less.)

In summary, the current system is not for disposal, but separation: the fraction of oil recovered ends up being a dumping or incinerated, and the part which lasts is in the water, going to the affluents and just ends up in the environment. Opting for a separate collection at source we will avoid a spill and we take a very energetic resource.

Then, from the environmental standpoint, the change is not only profitable but also necessary.

version Galego:

On the last day November 25 conducted an interview with the doctor and professor at the faculty of sciences Manuel Soto Chestnuts, Chemical Engineer, in order to learn more about the subject matter, but from a chemical point of view (especially the debugging process ).

Current Situation

domestic oil that is seen by fregadeiro, mix in runoff with fats of animal type (from different sources), hydrocarbons, pollutants and other type hydrophobic substances insoluble in water. This mixture comes to treatment, which separates them as a waste hardly usable. This step of separation is a small step in debugging, but do not causaríanse problems in biological processes of treatment.

oil (and other substances in the mixture) is inmiscible in water and can create a short film or layer has a higher (depending on the number of strokes), emulsion and foam. All this causes a pollution aesthetic , besides its obvious pollution chemical (since oil is a substance that is very visible, does not mix with water) and creates difficulties in the operations of biological systems or physical-chemical subsequent treatment.

Party oils are biodegradable, but their biodegradability is very slow, so you need to divide.

How is the process of separation?

Once the water reaches the treatment , undergoes a series of stages: first, the pre-treatment, including operations such as retention and removal of solids large who may be in the water, deaerated or removal of dense solid particles, which fall to the bottom, and degreased. This operation includes the removal of various materials, which, after leaving to stand, stay afloat. Therefore, the fat that is removed will contain a certain amount of water , particulate matter (which are not fat, but they are mixed) and hydrophobic pollutants . So what separates completely useless, since all these substances leave the stage inmiscible a very deteriorated fatty residue which can receive different treatments, but it will be very inadequate as fuel. His fate may be shedding, incineration or composting, composting but these fats would be very problematic because they are contaminated.

Removes 100% of the oil?

not. After the step of degreased in wastewater is a significant percentage (30 or 40%, approximately) for the fat particles are finer than the later stages. But anyway, the damage they can cause is much less than that pours out of 100%. Once vegetable oil that ends up coming to the rivers, oceans and aquifers in general is not environmental issue more worrisome because it does not occur in large quantities.

What are the environmental effects?

a treated water with 90% efficiency, complying with the parameters of the spill, requires a dilution with the receiving environment of 1:10 (a volume of about 10 receptor shedding ) to reduce the concentration of parameters such as biological oxygen demand (BOD). The fats in this direction have less importance because its effect is more physical, which is covered : overlying areas of the substrate in rivers, for example, through movies forming, thus causing various problems. But problems are not as important as those caused by DBO, particulate matter, pollutants (heavy metals and nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus), which are those that should eliminate the 100% water, but not done.

course this is in terms of natural oils, household, used in the kitchen because if instead we were talking of mineral oil that this would be more problematic because they are less biodegradable and in very small amounts cause severe toxicity problems caused by heavy metals and others.

What are the reasons for choosing a selective collection of oil?

Spillage of oils creates water pollution. But it also creates pollution even after recovering the phase inmiscible because their destination is the landfill or combustion, and this is not an environmentally satisfactory solution.

However, if we choose by making a collection of oil will have a double benefit: we take an energy resource and solved the problem of spillage. The oil can be used as biofuel oil (high calorific value).

Nowadays, the production of biofuels on agricultural land used to do, but it also means several problems: a shift from food production (land that is not used for garden), problems due to the fact that it a very mechanized farming and chemical (it is only to produce biofuel) and additional ecological problems.

Using oil collected separately from domestic origin also would avoid these problems. Therefore, from an environmental standpoint the great advantages are clear.

But we have through market issues: a liter of gasoline after being debugged can be worth around € 1.15. With what we deduce that it will never be profitable to collect 1 liter of oil for this price, because then that would purify and market it at the same price, and it would not compensate.

So it would be more profitable to choose a collection the residue from the source?

Economically, it would be profitable only with the cooperation of citizenship. Otherwise, the costs would be higher, for example, collect the oil at home and take it to a clean point would have to do personal work outside. So would be very important to conduct an awareness campaign and environmental education for citizenship.

Anyway, we should not think that the costs due to separation treatment are in a ratio of economic economy, because of everything that comes with debugging, fats represent only 2% (more or less), which is slightly off, and the effect on the total amount of fat in the waters will be reduced. What will be able to ease some of the separation process and obtain a purified water with less fat. But what's really important is that by doing a selective collection enjoyed an energy resource that we are currently ignoring.

Furthermore, following in economic terms, opt for this change, it would be profitable if we add benefits and offering to alternative programs production of biofuels from energy crops: a method of saving would be important, much more than the question of cost-saving treatment, because the water purification process where there will be a step degreased (whether continues by pouring oil fregadeiros). So the question of savings should be more focused in this way.

From an economic point of view and environmental , use of a biofuel from oil collected means selectively prevent the emission of large quantities of CO2 to the atmosphere as it is a cleaner fuel than the fossil. While it's true that can not be compared quantitatively using a fossil fuel and biofuel, the biofuel that could generate with vegetable oil that is generated as waste in a home for one year, maybe just to reach 50 km circular but this should be linked to other options "green" as to reduce the consumption (use the car less).

In short, the current system is not elimination but of separation: the fraction of oil that ends up being a spill recovery or incineration, and the other part is on the water, go to the tributaries and ends even in the environment. Opting for a collection from source avoid a spill and we take an energy resource.

Thus, from an environmental standpoint, the change is not only profitable, if not it is also necessary .

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Interviews with the City - Interviews with City Hall - co Concello

English version:


El investigation process of this project recurrimos several people related to waste management, particularly in the municipality of La Coruña. From city hall we have the invaluable support of F. Javier Ramírez Núñez, a biologist and technical adviser to the area's environment City of La Coruna, who gave us important information to define the situation as regards the management of domestic fats in the city of La Coruña. The information presented below is the result of two meetings held during the months of October and November 2010.

From the moment we are interested in the amount of domestic fats that occur and the various management systems. In La Coruña there is an average volume of 6 liters per capita per year. These wastes are managed through municipal facilities, which so far are three recycling centers, one located in the neighborhood of Eirís , one in Los Rosales and a mobile has begun to run just a month ago in the neighborhood of the mesh, with a view to spread to other areas of the city. You can get the necessary information in the phone number 010 (information of the council). In this case, it is necessary that the city employees about the recycling center to deposit used oil that is produced at home and in this way, the city puts in the hands of an authorized company that adds value and gets a return. Note that in this process, the council does not trade (or charge or pay) to the collection and use of waste as it is the recipient company which in any case, you get a market value from waste. Urban fats are separated at source are not all the waste produced. Of all the oil that occurs in homes, the plant water extracted from sewage 600 metric tons of oil per year, representing a total of 650,000 liters of refined oil. The price of debugging, € 390 per metric ton of fat removed and this requires an expenditure of € 234,000 a year just to separate oil from water. If we make the calculation of expenditure for five years, we see that not so long that period is spent in this process over a million euros of public funds in the extraction of fat from the water. Since the council, confirms that the source separation is an advantage, since the management of waste through source separation and its implementing a plan for this purpose would start spending money like the cleaning for a year, but they are elements that must be renewed every year, which would not have to reinvest the same amount the following year. In any case, higher profitability is not on the money saved, which is in itself significant, but in many other issues, such as the revaluation of the residue (means less spending by getting rid of the treatment and therefore fewer intermediaries ), or improving the environmental quality of the city and its immediate surroundings.

The current plan fat collection domestic, involved five key players. The first is citizenship and its implication in the selective collection of waste. In La Coruna have reached, according to the council, citizen cooperation rates in terms of source separation of 85% of the population, which is now approximately 60% of the population that works with this type of initiative: which is not perfect, but is above average, which means that in La Coruña there is an interest and public concern about managing waste properly. And according to the data, over half the population is willing to cooperate and make it somehow. The second actor is the council , who was not the owner of the waste (hence you can not trade this) acts as custodian and manager instead of the citizen. Another important element is the water company that manages the work of purification and waste water discharge ( EMALCSA ), a 100% owned by the municipality. The company carrying out the collection of domestic garbage in the neighborhoods is Albada, which manages the separation plant located in Nostián , and finally we have the authorized agent that collects used oil collection points and as you can reach through other channels Nostián and takes him to process and market, this company called Environmental Protection (WFP ).

As for the collection, it should be noted that there are companies that make environmental policy by collecting oil, as can be, in our case, the Eroski supermarket . The oil obtained in this way is collected directly by PMA. No direct economic benefit derived from this action and pay for the waste they collect.

As to the question of why in La Coruña not carried out specific plans for the collection of domestic fats, taking in mind that other cities have implemented, Javier explains that each city represents many new features that make it unique, such as the siting of the streets and transportation difficulties, or the difficulty of the installation a waste container for more. For the installation of domestic oil containers, these should be well built, with tight, keeping a good appearance to avoid creating a harmful impact on the urban landscape, with a structure from vandalism and something that is interesting, being in a safe place, then oil, after a certain amount, is considered hazardous waste to a combustion. For all these reasons, La Coruña is a new challenge for waste management in every step forward, however, never rule out the possibility of implementing a reform or improving the existing system, it is always a benefit to everyone.

the City Council have published several documents that are available on the network, in PDF format and available for anyone who wishes to consult:

Water Route in our city

Municipal Solid Waste in A Coruña

Especificaciones Punto limpio móvil

English version:

In the research process of this project we asked to several people involved in waste management, particularly in the municipality of La Coruña.   From city hall we have the invaluable support of F.   Javier Ramírez Núñez, a biologist and technical adviser at environmental area for the City Hall of La Coruna , who gave us important information to define the situation as regards the management of domestic fats in La Coruña.   The information presented below is the result of two meetings held during October and November 2010.

From the beggining we are interested in the amount of domestic fats that occur at the various management systems.   In La Coruña there is an average volume of 6 liters per capita per year.   These wastes are managed through municipal facilities, which so far are three recycling centers, one located in the neighborhood of Eirís , another in Los Rosales and a mobile one that has begun to run just a month ago in the neighborhood of Los Mallos   in order to spread to other parts of the city.   You can get the necessary information in the phone number 010 (information of the council).   In this case, it is necessary that the city employees about the recycling center to deposit used oil that is produced at home and in this way, the city puts it in hands of an authorized company that adds value and gets a return from this.   Note that in this process, the council does not trade (not charge nor pay) for collection and use of waste as it is the recipient company which in any case, gets a market value from waste.   Urban fats which are separated at source are not all the waste produced.   From all the wasted home oil, the plant draws water from the sewage 600 metric tons of oil per year, representing a total of 650000 liters of refined oil.   The price of debugging, is € 390 per metric ton of fat removed and this requires an expenditure of € 234000 a year just to separate oil from water.   If we make the calculation of expenditure for five years, we see that during not so long period is spent in this process over a million euros of public funds in the extraction of fat from the water.   C ouncil, confirms that the origin source separation is an advantage, since the management of wastes in source separation and the implementation of a plan for this purpose would start spending money like the cleaning for a year, but   those would be elements that mustn’t be renewed every year, which would not require to reinvest the same amount the following year.   In any case, higher profitability is not on the money saved, which is in itself significant, but in many other issues, such as the revaluation of the residue (means less spending by getting rid of the treatment and therefore fewer intermediaries), or improving the environmental quality of the city and its immediate surroundings.

The current plan for the collection of domestic fats, involves five principal actors.   The first is citizenship and its implication in the selective collection of waste.   La Coruna have reached, according to the council, citizen cooperation rates in terms of source separation of 85% of the population, which is now approximately 60% of the population that works with this type of initiative,   which is not perfect, but is above average, which means that in La Coruña there is an interest and public concern about managing waste properly.   And according to the data, over half the population is willing to cooperate and make it somehow.   The second actor is the council , which without being the owner of the waste (hence they can not trade this) acts as custodian and manager instead of the citizen.   Another important element is the water company that manages the work of purification and waste water discharge ( EMALCSA ), 100% owned by the municipality.   The company carrying out the collection of domestic garbage in the neighborhoods is Albada , which manages the separation plant located in Nostián, and finally we have the authorized agent that collects used oil collection points as well as  the oil which reachs Nostián by other means and takes to process and market, this company is called Protección Medioambiental ( PMA ).

As for the collection, it should be noted that there are companies that make environmental policy with the oil collecting, as can be, in our case, the Eroski supermarket. The oil obtained in this way is collected directly by PMA.   No direct economic benefit derived from this action nor pay for the waste collecting and treatment.

To the question of why in La Coruna there are not carried out specific plans for the collection of domestic fats, taking into account that other cities have implemented them, Javier explains that each city represents many new features that   make it unique, such as the siting of the streets and transportation difficulties, or the difficulty of installing one more kind of waste container.   For the installation of domestic oil containers, these should be well built, with tight, keeping a good appearance to avoid creating a harmful impact on the urban landscape, with a structure over vandalism and something that is interesting, being in   a safe place, because the oil from a fixed quantity is considered a hazardous waste, because of combustion danger.   For all these reasons, La Coruña is a new challenge for waste management in every step forward, however, council never rules out the possibility of implementing a reform or improving the existing system, it is always a benefit to everyone.

Since the council has published several documents that are available on the network, in PDF format and available for anyone who wishes to consult:

Water Route in Our City

Municipal Solid Waste in Sao Paulo

Mobile Recycling center Especifications

version Galego:

In the process of investigating this project appealed to several people related to waste management, particularly in São Paulo. Since the mayor of this city, we have the invaluable support of F. Javier Ramirez Núñez, a biologist and technical adviser to the area's environment city of São Paulo, which provided us with important information to define the situation, nor on the management of domestic fats in the city of São Paulo. The information set out below and the result of two meetings held during the months of October and November 2010.

From the first moment, the amount of interesámonos domestic fats that are produced as well as the different management systems. In Sao Paulo it produces an average of 6 liters per inhabitant per year. These residues xestiónanse through municipal facilities, which so far are cleaned three points, one located in the neighborhood of EIRIS , another in Los Rosales a mobile which began operating only a month ago in the neighborhood of Los Mallos in order to spread the Putra zonasda city. You can get the necessary information for the phone number 010 (information the municipality). In this case, we need to collaborate citizens approaching the point to record clean used oil that is produced at home and in this way, the city puts in the hands of a licensed company that reassesses and receives an income. It is worth noting that in this case, the city would not change (not charge or pay) to the collection and use of the residue, because the company is receiving for that in any case, you get a market value of it from waste. The fats that separate urban in origin is not the totality of the waste produced. From all that oil that is produced in homes, extráense of purifying 600 tons of fat from the sewerage network, representing a total of 650,000 litrosde oil debugged. The price of debugging involves an expenditure of € 390 per metric ton of fat extracted, and this represents an expense of € 234,000 per year sopor separates oil from water. If facemo the calculation of expenses for five years, we can see that in a time not so long, it takes this process more than one million euros dasarcas public in the extraction of fat from the water. Since the council, confirmed that the source separation is an advantage because the management of waste through separation at source and implementation of a plan to this effect would represent an initial spending similar to the price of clearance for a year, but this is evidence that no to renew each year, so that there would reinverti'la same amount the following year. Anyway, the higher profitability is not the money saved, which are significant of his, but in many other issues, including recovery of waste (which means less spending in giving up the clearance and, therefore, fewer intermediaries) or to improve environmental quality of the city and its surroundings more immediate.

The current plan for the collection of household fats, five principal actors involved. The first is citizenship and involvement in this separate collection. In Sao Paulo has obtained, according to the municipality, rates of cooperation from citizens in separation at source of 85% of the population now having about 60% of the population to collaborate with such initiatives, which is not perfect, but it is above average, which means that in Sao Paulo there is an interest and concern of citizens for waste manage them adequately. And according to the data, more than half the population is willing to cooperate and make it somehow. The second actor is the county be be the owner of the residue (this will not be possible to market with this one) acts as a depository and manager instead of the citizen. Another item important is the water company that manages the tasks of purification and sewage spills ( EMALCSA ), a company 100% owned by the municipality. The company that carries out waste collection in several neighborhoods is Albada, which administers the separation unit located in Nostián, and finally, we have the authorized manager, who collects used oil in clean spots, as well as that can reach Nostián by other means and takes to process it and market it, this company called Environmental Protection (WFP ).

The collection is worth noting that there are companies that for its environmental policy to carry oil collection, as can be, in this case, the Eroski supermarket . The oil obtained in this way is collected directly by PMA. Obtain any direct economic benefit of this action does not pay for that collect the waste.

As to the question of why in São Paulo did not carry out plans específicosde grease collection at home, given that in other cities if you have deployed, Javier Ramírez explicounos that each city represents several new features that make it unique, as can if the actual construction of streets, and transport difficulties, or difficulty is the installation of a container to a waste anymore. In case of installation of oil containers home, they must be well constructed, with tight, keeping an appropriate appearance in order not to impact the urban landscape, have an anti vandalism and something that is interesting, being in a safe place because the oil from an amount, considered a hazardous waste before combustion. For all these reasons, St. Paul represents a new challenge for waste management in every step we advance, however, never rule out the possibility of implementing a reform or improving the existing system, as it always means a benefit for everyone.

The city released several documents that can be consulted on the Internet in pdf format and available for anyone wishing to consult them:

Route Nuestra El Agua in the City.

Los municipal solid waste in Sao Paulo.

Specifications section clean cell.

Fourth Defeat: 1942 Girasoles Ciegos

Interviews General scheme of urban management of fat - fat General urban management scheme - Scheme of Grax xestión Xeral of urban

English version

The basis for this project, among other things, we considered necessary to describe the different paths that urban waste fats, which has helped us to narrow our field of action. First we need to look at four primary producers (senders of the waste) and waste management undertaken by each.

1 .- Heavy Industry: this producer has a legal obligation to manage their own waste. This makes the process shorter and controlled. The waste is collected by an authorized company that issues a document certifying that collection. This company transports the waste to a treatment area, also maintained by a company authorized to issue another document certifying the receipt.

2 .- Garages: this type of company also manages its own waste by Association Workshop. Thus, used oil, and the impregnated material are managed by companies authorized for collection and treatment, issuing licenses for transport and collection.

3 .- Hospitality (Large producers or kitchens): companies that, because of its activity have kitchens that produce large amounts of waste fats, they must also manage these wastes, just as previous groups.

4 .- oils and fats Domestic: in this case, it adds. The city owns the remainder, and therefore, it is your duty to manage the waste properly. Where a plan for collecting this waste, it is the council which acts as manager of the waste, picking it up, but can not trade with him, therefore, do not buy the citizen, or can sell to the company that collects it. In any case, you may deliver to the company authorized to make a profit this, selling it to anyone who can re-use and market.

There is also an accessory pathway and not by least, for the treatment of these compounds. The network of urban wastewater treatment plays an important role, picking up all the water from sewage and runoff. The collected water contains many substances in solution that can be harmful to health and the environment, so that debugging (if there is a plant for this purpose). In the debugging process, you also have to separate the fat from the water. These residues are those that are separated before, because in this way facilitates the process and avoid problems later for obstruction of channels. These fats are managed as in the previous cases.

English version

As a basis for this project, among other things, we have considered necessary to describe the different paths for urban waste fats. This tool helped us to define our field.   First we need to look at 4 primary producers (senders of the waste) and waste management undertaken by each.

1.-Heavy Industry: This producer has a legal obligation to manage their own waste. This makes the process shorter and controlled.   The waste is collected by an authorized company that issues a document certifying that collection.   This company transports the waste to a treatment area, also maintained by a company authorized to issue another document certifying the receipt.

2.-Garages: this kind of company also manages its own waste by Garages Association.   Thus, used oil, and the impregnated material are managed by companies authorized for collection and treatment, issuing licenses for transport and collection.

3.-Hospitality (Major producers and large kitchens): companies that, because of its activity have kitchens that produce large amounts of waste fats, they must also manage these wastes, just as previous groups.

4.-Domestic fats and oils: in this case, there are some details.   Citizens own the waste, and therefore, it is their duty to manage it properly.   Where a plan for collecting this waste, it is the council who acts as manager of the waste, picking it up, but cannot trade with him, therefore, do not buy it to the citizens, nor can sell to the company that collects it.   In any case, it can be delivered to the company authorized for them to take a benefit of this, selling it to anyone who can re-use and market.

There is also an accessory pathway, and not least, for the treatment of these compounds.   The urban wastewater network plays an important role, picking up all the water from sewage and runoff.   Collected water contains many substances in solution which can be harmful to health and the environment, so it is depurated (if there is a plant for this purpose).   In the depurating process, fat must be separated from water.   These residues are separated firstly, because this way facilitates the process and avoid obstruction problems in pipes. These fats are managed as in the previous cases for them to be re-used.

Versión en Galego

As basis for this project, among other items considered necessary to describe the different fats camon following urban waste, which served to delimit our field of expertise. Firstly, we must analyze them four primary producers. (Issuers of waste) and waste management that carries out each one.

1.-Heavy Industry: this producer has a legal obligation to manage their own waste. This makes the process shorter and more controlled. The waste is collected by a licensed company, which issues a document certifying the recall. This company transports the waste to the treatment area, also managed by a company authorized to issue another document certifying the receipt.

Eller mechanics, this type of company also manages its waste through the grouping of workshops. Thus, used oil, as well as material impregnated xestiónanse through the companies authorized for the collection and processing, issuing licenses and collecting the corresponding transport.

3.-Hospitality (large producers or large kitchens): those companies because of their activities include kitchens that produce large quantities of waste fats, also have to deal with these waste as well as previous groups.

4.-domestic oils and fats: this case puntualízase. The citizen is the owner of the residue and therefore generates its obligation and the residue appropriately. Ode there is a plan for collecting this waste, is the land that acts as manager of the residual recolléndoo, but can not trade with him, at attention, not buying the citizen, can not sell it to the company that organizes it. However, you can deliver it to authorized company for this to make a profit by selling it to someone to market it and reusing it.

Moreover, there is an accessory pathway, and not least, for the treatment of these compounds. The drainage network of urban wastewater has a very important role in collecting all the water from drainage and runoff. The collected water contains various substances in solution that can be harmful to health and the environment, so purify themselves (provided there is a plan to that effect). In the process of debugging, it is also necessary to separate the fat from the water. These wastes are those who split up before, because this way facilitates the process and subsequent problems evítanse obstruction of channels. These fats extracted xestiónanse as in previous cases.