In the twentieth century we can find 3 main opinions regarding water policy in the country:
1.-Between 1920 and 1950, the water is used for agricultural development with a target political: to strengthen the middle class in agriculture.
2.-From 1900 until today, is used to meet the needs of industrialization, especially in big cities such as Mexico, resulting in the need to seek water from other regions of the country and the Lerma River. However, a lot of people have still problems to get it.
3.-The change of economic model to neoliberalism led to changes in government policies regarding the financing, construction and operation of hydraulic works with what the state is losing control of them.
During the twentieth century we find that during the Carranza approving the article. 27 of the Constitution believed that what exists in the subsoil is the property of the nation where the government distributes el agua y los particulares pueden gozar de ella mediante concesiones, situación que continúa hasta 1983 cuando la medida empieza a verse con recelo hasta que en 1993 a través de la Ley de Aguas Nacionales se da lugar a una mayor participación privada, situación que continúa hasta nuestros días.
El agua usada por la pequeña y mediana industria, que representa el 75% en la ciudad de México, deja residuos sólidos y líquidos que se utilizan en Chiconautla, en la cuenca y en el Mezquital.
Debido a la falta de planeación a largo plazo, para finales del siglo XX (1994) se habían perdido cerca del 80% de los bosques, 99% de los lagos, y 71% de los suelos were in a miserable state. Moreover, despite the exploitation of groundwater, 14 million Mexicans today do not have water service and $ 30 million sewer service.
Within the ruptures and continuities that we find the nineteenth century and the twenty-first century we find the following:
The link can be made with the nineteenth century to the early decades of the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz. In the first decade of the twentieth century, the last of Porfirio Diaz, the regime continues the same policy, dependent capitalist development, foreign investment, major waterworks and own water.
From 1980 he begins the process of privatization of water, this policy continues today, there is continuity within the neoliberal framework.
inside the twentieth century with the adoption of article 27 of the Constitution is a break with the Porfiriato because the state is controlling the distribution and water use, this policy continued until 1980.
Another moment of rupture is that from 1920 until 1950 there priority in water use for irrigation, from this decade, its use will guide the industrial development in the period of import substitution and Stabilizing Development.
Conclusions
For nearly five centuries man has struggled against the water in the city of Mexico, investing substantial resources to dry lakes originally gave sustenance, this led to the city before becoming self-sufficient, from the fifties in importing water from other basins, plus it has overexploited groundwater with serious consequences for the natural environment.
Water, a once abundant resource, has become scarce and expensive, which threatens the survival of the city and its inhabitants.
The environmental crisis and that traversed through the city of Mexico has its origin not only the rapid population growth resulting in expansion of urban land without precedent, but to insufficient knowledge of the functioning of natural ecosystems and water cycling in particular, putting at risk the satisfaction of the needs of present and future population .
The solution can not be limited to increasing exploitation of groundwater and river water import more and more distant but requires political and cultural solutions that promote more efficient and more rational management of the resource.
This includes respecting the hydrological cycle, abate waste leaks, take advantage of rainwater, preventing the growth the urban area to the periphery of the city and reduce inequality in access to drinking water. Channel
Cuemanco
Sources
Mexico City
Mexico City
